Managing connections of a user device

ABSTRACT

Systems, methods, and computer-readable medium are provided for managing connections of user devices. For example, two source devices may be configured to maintain a data stream with one another. The data stream may enable the two source devices to identify one or more connections between each other and at least a third device. In response to receiving an event that indicates content to be provided to the third device, the data stream may be used by the source devices to configure their network connections with the third device.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S.patent application Ser. No. 16/053,581, filed Aug. 2, 2018, which is acontinuation of and claims priority to U.S. application Ser. No.15/587,863, filed May 5, 2017 (patented Sep. 4, 2018 as U.S. Pat. No.10,070,215), which is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S.application Ser. No. 15/362,629, filed Nov. 28, 2016 (patented May 30,2017 as U.S. Pat. No. 9,668,044), which is a continuation of and claimspriority to U.S. application Ser. No. 14/475,422, filed Sep. 2, 2014(patented Nov. 29, 2016 as U.S. Pat. No. 9,510,083), which claims thebenefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/005,505, filed May 30,2014, which are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. Thepresent application is also related to U.S. Provisional Application Nos.62/005,550, 62/005,534, 62/005,606, 62/005,325, 62/005,336, 62/005,563,62/005,586, 62/005,715 and 62/005,799, all filed May 30, 2014, which arecommonly owned and are hereby incorporated by reference for allpurposes. The present application is also related to U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 61/953,591 filed Mar. 14, 2014 which is herebyincorporated by reference for all purposes.

BACKGROUND

Network-accessible user devices have become ubiquitous over the years,with many different manufacturers providing a plethora of differenttypes, styles, and models. For example, different types of such userdevices may include audio players, headsets, or the like. Additionally,some of these user devices are configured with only one or sometimesonly a few functionalities. Further, with the number of variations intype and the recent changes in technology, some of these user devicesmay be able to connect to multiple source devices, while others may onlybe able to connect to a single source device. In some examples, thesource device may be configured to provide content for presentation bythe user device. As such, managing such user devices may pose challengesfor developers of source and user devices.

BRIEF SUMMARY

Embodiments of the present disclosure can provide systems, methods, andcomputer-readable medium for managing connections of a user device byone or more source devices. Two source devices may be configured toestablish and/or maintain a data stream for communicating with oneanother about the connections of the user device. Once established, thetwo source devices may instruct each other how to handle individualnetwork connections with the user device. For example, one of the sourcedevices may use the data stream to inform the other source device aboutits own network connections with the user device. Requests to connectthe second source device to the user device may also be shared with thefirst source device using the data stream.

According to one embodiment, a method may be executed by one of the twosource devices to establish a network connection with the user device.Using that established connection, the first device may provide content(e.g., audio content) to the user device. When an input is received(e.g., at the second source device) that indicates additional contentfor the second source to provide to the user device, the second sourcedevice may provide configuration instructions to the first sourcedevice. The configuration instructions may indicate to the first sourcedevice information about configuring the network connection between thefirst source and the user device. The second source may then establish aconnection with the user device and provide content to the user device(e.g., once the first connection has been terminated by the firstsource).

According to another embodiment, a system may be implemented as a firstcomputing device (e.g., one of the source devices) configured tomaintain a data stream with the other source device. The first sourcemay also be configured to establish a first network connection with athird device (e.g., the user device). The user device may be configuredto present information (e.g., electronic content) to a user. In someaspects, the first source may provide information to the user deviceusing the first network connection. Upon receipt of instructions forconfiguring the first network connection, the second computing devicemay be enabled to establish a different network connection with the userdevice once the first network connection ends.

According to another embodiment, a computer-readable medium may includeinstructions that, when executed, configure a computer processor of afirst computing device to maintain a data stream with a second computingdevice. In some cases, the first computing device may also identify anetwork connection between the second computing device and a userdevice. This identification may take place via the data stream, wherethe second device may provide information that identifies the networkconnection to the first device. An event may be received by the firstdevice that identifies content to be transmitted to the user device. Thecontent may be requested to be transmitted by the first device.Additionally, using the data stream, instructions to configure the firstnetwork connection may be provided to the second device. At least inresponse to the event, another network connection (e.g., between thefirst device and the user device) may be utilized to provide the contentto the user device from the first device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram illustrating an examplearchitecture for managing connections of a user device as describedherein, according to at least one example.

FIG. 2 is another simplified block diagram with connection flowsillustrating at least some features of managing connections of a userdevice as described herein, according to at least one example.

FIG. 3 is a sequence diagram illustrating additional features ofmanaging connections of a user device as described herein, according toat least one example.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for managing connections of a userdevice as described herein, according to at least one example.

FIG. 5 is a simplified block diagram illustrating another examplearchitecture for managing connections of a user device as describedherein, according to at least one example.

FIG. 6 is a simplified block diagram illustrating at least some featuresof network connections available for managing connections of a userdevice as described herein, according to at least one example.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Examples of the present disclosure are directed to, among other things,managing connections of a user device by one or more source devices. Insome examples, two source devices may be configured to establish and/ormaintain a data stream for communicating with one another about theconnections of the user device. Once established, the two source devicesmay instruct each other how to handle individual network connectionswith the user device. For example, one of the source devices may use thedata stream to inform the other source device about its own networkconnections with the user device. Requests to connect the second sourcedevice to the user device may also be shared with the first sourcedevice using the data stream.

In some cases, connections of mobile peripheral devices (also referredto herein as “user devices”) may be managed by the two source devices.In some examples, the user devices may be network-accessible devicessuch as, but not limited to, wireless headsets (e.g., headphones and/ora microphone), wireless audio playback devices (e.g., streaming mediaplayers, Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG)-1 or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III(MP3) players, or the like), wireless file transfer devices, or othersimilar types of devices configured to receive and/or provide data overa network connection. In some cases, such user devices may communicatewith the one or more source devices (e.g., a laptop, a telephone, atablet, etc.) using various types of wireless communication protocols orstandards including, but not limited to, Bluetooth, Bluetooth low energy(BTLE), ZigBee, Near field Communication (NFC), or the like.

A device may be considered a source device because one of its functions,when paired with the user device, is to provide content for the userdevice to present to a user. However, in some cases, the source devicemay also receive data from the user device. For example, when the userdevice is a mobile headset, the source device (e.g., a mobile telephone)may send audio (e.g., the voice of a caller) to the user device and alsoreceive audio (e.g., the voice of the user) from the user device. Still,in the example where the user device is a set of mobile headphones, theuser device may only receive audio (e.g., music, etc.) from the sourcedevice. But, it is possible, even in this scenario, for the user deviceto provide data back to the source device (e.g., volume controlinformation, audio position control information, playback speed controlinformation, or the like). In addition, even if the user device does nothave a subscriber identity module (SIM) card or a baseband processor(BP), it may still be able to simulate such network interface devices.For example, the user device may emulate a BP and/or a SIM card togenerate a ring that will appear to other devices as an outgoing callfrom the user device. The emulation may be provided by the Bluetoothstack of the user device.

Some user devices may be configured to establish network connectionswith a plurality of source devices. However, other user devices may beconfigured to only establish network connections with a single sourcedevice. Still, even when multiple network connections are enabled, theuser device may be limited to the number of simultaneous connections. Inother words, a user device may have the capability to establish multipleconnections, but may be limited to the number of those connections thatit can manage at the same time. Alternatively, some user devices may beable to manage a plurality of network connections with multipledifferent source devices. While the following disclosure may focusmostly on user devices that can only manage or otherwise establish asingle network connection at a time, it should be understood that thesame or similar techniques may be used to manage network connections ofuser devices that can handle multiple different network connections(either concurrently or consecutively). Thus, the following techniquesare not intended to, and do not, limit the applicability of similartechniques with more advanced user devices.

I. Two Source Devices

In at least one example, two source devices (e.g., a laptop and a mobilephone) may communicate with one another to aid in the management ofnetwork connections for the user device (e.g., as a shared resource ofthe two source devices). For the purposes of explanation, the userdevice in this scenario may be a Bluetooth headset configured to playaudio files of the laptop and/or the mobile phone noted above. In otherwords, the user may use the headset to listen to music or other audiothat may be stored locally on (and/or accessed remotely by) the laptopand/or mobile phone.

Regardless of whether the headset can connect to both the laptop and themobile phone at the same time, the two source devices may be configuredto manage individual network connections with the headset. In this way,the user may relatively seamlessly use both source devices to play musicon the headset (e.g., consecutively switching from one source to theother source). In this example, the source devices may be configured toestablish a network socket or other mechanism for streaming data betweenthe two source devices. Once established, the network stream may beutilized by the two source devices to manage the network connectionswith the user device as if the two source devices were a single devicemanaging a network resource via other network connections.

In some aspects, using the established stream (e.g., a persistentconnection, assuming the two source devices stay within a desireddistance of each other), the laptop and the mobile phone may be able toprovide configuration instructions to one another. This communicationbetween the laptop and the mobile device can be independent of databeing communicated between the laptop and the headset and/or between themobile phone and the headset. For example, if the mobile phone isconnected to the headset, the mobile phone may use the establishedstream (e.g., the network socket) to indicate this connection to thelaptop. Alternatively, if the laptop is connected to the headset, thelaptop may use the established stream to indicate this connection to themobile phone.

In this way, the two source devices may be up to date on the currentstate associated with Bluetooth (or other) connections of the headset.For example, the headset may establish a Bluetooth connection with thelaptop and may play music to the user that is provided by the laptop.The information about this connection may be provided by the laptop tothe mobile phone via the persistent stream. If the user requests toswitch to using the mobile phone for providing the music, the user maysimply press a “play” object (e.g., a button) on the mobile phone.

In some aspects, the mobile phone may provide an instruction to thelaptop via the stream, e.g., to instruct the laptop to release theheadset from its Bluetooth connection. In this way, the headset may nowbe able to establish a new connection with another device. As desired,the mobile phone may then establish a network connection with theheadset and pick up where the laptop left off. In some examples, thismay enable the user to seamlessly (or relatively seamlessly) transitionfrom music being played from one device (e.g., at a desk) to the musicbeing played from another device (e.g., while going for a walk), or frommusic being played on one device to a phone call being answered via theother device.

II. Example System

FIG. 1 illustrates a simplified architecture diagram 100 depicting atleast a first computing device 102, a second computing device 104, andat least one user device (or peripheral device) 106. As noted above, theperipheral device 106 may include, but is not limited to, a headset, apair of headphones, a speaker, a data transferring device, a mediaplayer, or the like). In some examples, the peripheral device 106 may beaccessible to either or both of the first computing device 102 or thesecond computing device 104 via one or more networks 108 (e.g., a localarea network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a personal area network(PAN), or any other wired or wireless network). Based at least in parton the type of network 108 and/or the types of the devices 102, 104,106, the network connections may be persistent or may be temporal.

In some examples, the first computing device 102 and the secondcomputing device 104 may identify or otherwise request a network socketfor establishing a stream of data 110 between the two devices 102, 104.For example, a particular network socket may be used to enable directstreaming of data from the first computing device 102 to the secondcomputing device 104. The streaming can be performed in a persistentmanner as long as the two devices 102, 104 remain within a desiredphysical range of one another. For example, the two devices 102, 104 maystream 110 data through the networks 112, the networks 108, and/or acombination of the two.

In some cases, the networks 108 and 112 may actually be the samenetwork. As noted above, the first computing device 102 and/or thesecond computing device 104 may be any types of computing devicesincluding, but not limited to, a laptop, a mobile phone, a wearabledevice (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses, a smart wristband, or asmart wallet), a tablet, or the like. Further, the first computingdevice 102 and the second computing device 104 may use the stream 110 totransmit configuration and/or state information about the peripheraldevice 106. For example, the stream 110 may be used to communicatenetwork connection termination instructions, call answeringinstructions, call transferring instructions, device pairing and/orconnection instructions, or the like.

As noted, in some cases, the peripheral device 106 may be: (1) pairedand connected to one device, (2) paired to multiple devices butconnected to only one at a time, or (3) paired and connected to one ormore devices. The first type listed above, Type 1 peripheral devices(e.g., paired and connected to one device), may only allow pairing to asingle device. Pairing the Type 1 peripheral to a new device may causethe peripheral to forget about the previous pairing. For this type ofperipheral, switching from a new device to a previously paired devicemight require a manual re-pairing with the previously paired device. Thesecond type listed above, Type 2 peripheral devices (e.g., paired tomultiple devices but connected to only one at a time) may allow pairingto multiple devices; however, they can only connect to one of the paireddevices at a time. The third type listed above may divided into twoseparate types, Type 3 and Type 4 peripheral devices (e.g., paired andconnected to one or more devices). Type 3 and Type 4 devices may allowmultiple pairings and multiple connections. However, Type 3 devices mayexperience a multi-second delay when switching the connection betweenpaired devices. On the other hand, Type 4 devices may switch connectionsbetween paired devices without any perceivable delay. The firstcomputing device 102 and/or the second computing device 104 may beconfigured to probe the peripheral device 106 to identify itscapabilities. For example, the first computing device may utilize aprobing sequence for such a determination, thus enabling fasterswitching between paired devices (e.g., when it is detected that theperipheral 106 is a Type 4 device). The probing may be performed inadvance of any incoming calls. This may allow for faster switching whendesired. In other examples, the probing can be performed after the firstcomputing device 102 is paired and connected.

In some cases, if the peripheral 106 is manufactured by the samemanufacturer of the first computing device 102 or the second computingdevice 104, a flag may be included in the peripheral 106 so that if theflag is detected, the probing may not be performed, because thecapabilities of the peripheral 106 will be known. Additionally, a deviceidentifier (ID) may be provided, such that the first computing device102 or the second computing device 104 may look up the capabilities ofthe peripheral 106 in a table or other data structure. However, as notedabove, when the type of the peripheral 106 is not known in advance, thetype and/or capabilities of the peripheral 106 may be identified by aprobing scheme of two devices. For example, a first device may pair withthe peripheral 106. Once paired, the second device may attempt to pairwith the peripheral 106. If the pairing between the first device and theperipheral is lost at this point, the two devices may have identified aType 1 device. Additionally, if the first device remains paired when thesecond device connects, but the first device cannot also connect whilethe second device is connected, the two devices may have identified aType 2 device. Also, the probing scheme may identify a Type 3 or Type 4device if both devices are capable of being connected to the peripheral106 at the same time (e.g., at t0 the first device pairs with theperipheral 106, at t1 the second device pairs with the peripheral 106,at t2 the first device connects to the peripheral 106, and at t3 whenthe second device connects to the peripheral 106, the first devicemaintains its connection). At least because the two devices are incommunication with one another (e.g., via the established stream of data110), they are able to deduce the type of the peripheral 106 by sharingthe results of the probing schemes described above.

In some aspects, the first computing device 102 may be configured toestablish a network connection with the peripheral device 106. Oncepaired and connected, the first computing device 102 may be able toprovide content to the peripheral 106 via the established connection.For example, the first computing device 102 may provide music for theperipheral 106 to play or otherwise present to the user. In someexamples, if a telephone call arrives at the second computing device 104while the first connection 114 is being used for playing music, the twodevices 102, 104 may determine which of the two devices 102, 104 shouldprovide the call to the peripheral 106. In one example, the call couldbe routed to the first computing device 102 since it is already pairedand connected via the network connection 106. However, the call couldstay with the second computing device 104 and be routed to theperipheral 106 via a second network connection 116. In some cases, thedetermination of which device 102, 104 to use for providing the call tothe peripheral 106 (and, thus, receiving the call to be provided) may bemade based at least in part on historical user information (e.g., whichdevice 102, 104 the user typically uses for calls), preferences (e.g.,which device 102, 104 the user prefers based at least in part on aconfiguration setting), usage patterns (e.g., which device 102, 104 wasthe user using last), and/or battery concerns (e.g., which device 102,104 has more battery life remaining or which device 102, 104 uses lessbatter power to provide calls).

In some examples, once the determination of which device 102, 104 is tobe connected, the two devices 102, 104 may communicate configurationinformation, instructions for switching devices 102, 104, and/ormetadata associated with the currently active network connection 114,116. For example, if the first computing device 102 is paired andconnected to the peripheral 106, but the devices 102, 104 determine thatthe second computing 104 should provide an incoming phone call (or othercontent), several instructions may be provided via the stream 110. Thatis, the second computing device 104 may provide a connection terminationinstruction to the first computing device 102 via the stream 110. Eitherbefore, simultaneously, or sometime after, the second computing device104 may also begin polling the peripheral device 106 in order to pair.Once, the first computing device 102 has released the first networkconnection 114, the peripheral device 106 may be able to pair andconnect with the second computing device 104 via the second networkconnection 116. The second computing device 104 may then be able toprovide the call to the peripheral device 106.

At an even higher level, the features described herein can enable twodevices (e.g., the first computing device 102 and the second computingdevice 104) that are connected and working together (e.g., in tandem) toshare a third device (e.g., the user device 106). In some cases, eventsmay come into either or both of the first computing device 102 or thesecond computing device 104, and the two devices may be configured todetermine which of the two devices 102, 104 should alert the user device106 of the incoming event (e.g., when both devices 102, 104 receive thesame event information). Both devices 102, 104 may be configured to knowthe state of the other, as well as the state of the user device 106, andmay be further configured to command audio (or other event information)routing and policies of the set of devices 102, 104, 106.

III. Example Flow

FIG. 2 illustrates a simplified block diagram 200 depicting a connectionflow associated with the first computing device 102, the secondcomputing device 104, and the user (or peripheral) device 106 of FIG. 1.In some examples, as noted above, the first computing device 102 and thesecond computing device 104 may establish a data stream forcommunicating with one another. The data stream may be initiated,established, and/or maintained by either of the first or secondcomputing devices 102, 104. The data stream may then be used by the twodevices 102, 104 to communicate with each other about the state and/orconfiguration of network connections with the user device 106. Forexample, the first computing device 102 may communicate any networkconnections that it has with the user device 106 or with other devicesto the second computing device 104 over the data stream.

The first computing device 102 may also be configured to establish afirst connection with the user device 106. This first connection may beutilized by the first computing device 102 to provide content to theuser device 106. For example, the first computing device 102 may providean audio track to the user device for presentation to the user. In someexamples, the second computing device 104 may receive a data request(e.g., from a user) or other indication that data may be requested to beprovided from the second computing device 104 to the user device 106.For example, a telephone call may come into the second computing device104 while the user is listening to the audio track via the user device106. Even though the audio track is being provided to the user device106 by the first computing device 102, the user may wish to answer thecall from the second computing device 104. The data request may be therequest to answer the call from the second computing device 104 (via theuser device 106).

In order to provide the call to the user device 106, the two sourcedevices 102, 104 may first communicate with one another via the datastream to configure the appropriate connections. For example, the secondcomputing device 104 may provide configuration information to the firstcomputing device 102 via the data stream. The configuration informationmay include instructions for ending the first network connection that isbeing used by the first computing device 102 to provide the audio track.Based at least in part on this configuration information, the firstcomputing device 102 may then terminate the first data connection sothat the second computing device 104 can subsequently establish a secondnetwork connection with the user device 106. Once the second networkconnection is established, the second computing device 104 may be ableto provide content (e.g., the call) to the user device 106.

IV. Sequence Diagram

FIG. 3 illustrates a simplified network flow diagram 300, for describingat least one use case for the techniques described herein. In someexamples, the flow diagram represents requests, application programminginterface (API) calls, connections, etc., made by one or more computingdevices. In one example, a first source 302 may request a network socket304 for creating a persistent stream with a second source 306. The firstsource 302 and the second source 306 may be computing devices configuredto manage a shared resource (e.g., a user or peripheral device 308),similar to the first computing device 102 and the second computingdevice 104 of FIGS. 1 and 2. Additionally, the user device 308 may beconfigured to provide presentation of content to a user, where thecontent was provided to the user device 308 from one of the first source302 or the second source 306. In some examples, the second source 306may establish the stream 310 with the first source 302. As noted above,this stream may enable the two sources 302, 306 to manage theconnections of the user device 308.

The first source 302 may receive a data request 312 (e.g., a requestfrom a user to provide data to the user device 308) or an event (e.g.,an indication of incoming call or a calendar appointment). At least inresponse to a first connection request from the first source 302, theuser device 308 may approve the connection request 314 and then thefirst sources 302 may establish the first network connection 316. Theorder of these operations may be actually be performed in a variety ofdifferent ways (e.g., with or without the initial request for theconnection from the first source 302).

Using a Bluetooth network connection, the first source 302 may firstattempt to pair with the user device 308 by polling (e.g., sending arequest and waiting for a response). In this example, a connection maybe established (not necessarily “by” either device) once the user device308 responds with an acceptance of the request. However, in otherexamples, the user device 308 may always be pairable with the firstsource 302, in which case the first source 302 may simply establish aconnection with the user device 308 upon completion of the data request312 or receipt of an event. In some aspects, once the first networkconnection is established 316, the first source 302 may provide content(e.g., an audio file, portions of an audio file, a telephone call, anotification of an event or calendar appointment, etc.) 318 to the userdevice 308 via the first network connection 316.

In some cases, the second source 306 may, at some point, receive asecond or new data request 320. Similar to the data request 312, thesecond data request 320 received by the second source 306 may include,but is not limited to, a request from a user to provide content of thesecond source, an event received by the second source 306, or the like.The second data request 320 may also include a request from a user toswitch content sources (e.g., from the first source 302 to the secondsource 308). That is, the user may navigate to a settings user interface(UI) of the second source 308 (e.g., a network connections control UI)and request that the second source 308 become the source of content forthe user device 308. Upon receipt of this data request 320, the secondsource 306 may be configured to take over control of the user device308. As such, the second source 306 may provide configurationinstructions 322 to the first source 302 using the established stream310. The configuration instructions may include, among other things, aninstruction to release or terminate the first network connection 316,metadata associated with a state of the first network connection 316and/or the use device 308, instructions for the first source 302 to stopproviding content (e.g., pause an audio track), or the like.

In one example, the configuration instructions 322 may instruct thefirst source to terminate the first connection 316 and provide metadataabout the state of the user device 308 and/or the content being provided318. The first source 302 may provide metadata 324 to the second source(e.g., a location of a song being played by the user device 308) via thestream 310. Based at least in part on the provided instructions 32, thefirst source 302 may terminate the first network connection 326 with theuser device, thus, freeing up the user device 308 for other connections(e.g., a connection with the second source 306). Here, much like theestablishment of the first connection, the user device 308 may (or maynot need to) approve a connection request 328 from the second source306. The second source 306 (or the user device 308) may then establishthe second network connection 330, and the second source 306 may thenprovide content 332 to the user device 308 via the second connection330.

V. Example Method

FIG. 4 illustrates an example flow diagram showing a process 400 formanaging user device connections, according to at least a fewembodiments. This process is illustrated as a logical flow diagram, eachoperation of which represents a sequence of operations that can beimplemented in hardware, computer instructions, or a combinationthereof. In the context of computer instructions, the operations mayrepresent computer-executable instructions stored on one or morenon-transitory computer-readable storage media that, when executed byone or more processors, perform the recited operations. Generally,computer-executable instructions include routines, programs, objects,components, data structures and the like that perform particularfunctions or implement particular data types. The order in which theoperations are described is not intended to be construed as alimitation, and any number of the described operations can be combinedin any order and/or in parallel to implement the processes.

Additionally, some, any, or all of the processes may be performed underthe control of one or more computer systems configured with specificexecutable instructions and may be implemented as code (e.g., executableinstructions, one or more computer programs, or one or moreapplications) executing collectively on one or more processors, byhardware, or combinations thereof. As noted above, the code may bestored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, forexample, in the form of a computer program including a plurality ofinstructions executable by one or more processors. In some examples, thefirst computing device 102 shown in FIG. 1 may perform the process 400of FIG. 4. Additionally, the following description is from theperspective of the first device 102 but it is to be understood that themethod could be performed by the second device 104 instead, in whichcase, references to the “second” computing device would refer to eitherfirst device 102 or a third device different from either the first orsecond devices 102, 104.

At block 402, a data stream between a first device a second computingdevice can be maintained. In some examples, this process may be executedor performed by a mobile phone of the user, while the second computingdevice with which a stream is being maintained is a different mobiledevice of the user (e.g., a laptop, tablet, or the like). As noted, themaintained stream may enable the mobile phone and the different mobiledevice to manage a peripheral device (e.g., a headset or the like) as ashared resource. In some aspects, the different mobile device of theuser (e.g., the second computing device in this example) may be awearable device such as, but not limited to, smart glasses, a smartwatch, or the like).

At block 404, a first network connection between the second computingdevice and the user device can be identified. For example, the wearabledevice may already be connected to the headset (e.g., streaming music orother content to the headset). As such, at 404, the mobile phone may bemade aware of the first connection based at least in part on data sharedvia the stream that was maintained at 402.

At 406, an event that identifies content to be transmitted to the userdevice may be received. In some cases, the content may be a telephonecall received by either or both of the mobile device or the mobile phoneand the event may be a notification that the call is being received. Inother scenarios, the content may be a song that the user wishes to playfrom the mobile phone (e.g., that may not be stored locally on thewearable device) and the event may be a notification of a request toplay the song. Additionally, the content may be a calendar appointmentand the event may be a signal indicating that the calendar appointmentis occurring or will occur soon.

At 408, instructions for configuring the first network connection to thesecond computing device may be provided. This instruction may beprovided via the stream that is maintained at 402. As such, it should beunderstood that the stream maintained at 402 may be maintainedpersistently so long as the mobile phone and the wearable device remainwithin a threshold distance of each other. In some aspects, theinstructions for configuring the first network connection may include aninstruction to terminate the first network connection or for thewearable device to otherwise release the headset from its connection.The instructions may also include an instruction to provide metadata viathe maintained stream. The metadata may identify information about thefirst network connection including, but not limited to, a track that isplaying on the headset, a playing position in the track that is playingon the headset, a volume of the headset, or the like.

At 410, the content may be provided to the user device via a secondconnection between the mobile phone and the headset. In other words, ifthe event indicates an incoming call, the instructions of 408 mayterminate the connection between the wearable device and the headset,and the mobile phone may then establish the second connection with theheadset. The mobile phone may then source or otherwise provide theincoming telephone call to the headset.

In some examples, if the headset is paired and connected to both themobile phone and the wearable device, and the user is listening to musicfrom either, the mobile phone and/or the wearable device may attempt todetermine which device should send an incoming telephone call to theheadset. At may be that both the mobile phone and the wearable deviceare notified when a call comes in. However, it may be desired that onlyone of the two devices route the call to the headset. As such, in somecases, if both the mobile phone and the wearable device are within rangeof the other, the phone may cause the headset to ring and the wearabledevice may suppress the ring.

This direction (e.g., the determination to have the mobile phone providethe ring instead of the wearable device) may be based at least in parton power advantages realized by having the phone route the call. Forexample, the phone might have more battery power or might use lessbattery power to route calls. However, in some examples, the two devicesmay decide to have the wearable device route the call based at least inpart on a determination that the wearable device has more remainingbattery life, or a higher percentage of total battery life remaining. Inother examples, if the wearable device is out of range of the mobilephone and/or is in stand-alone mode (e.g., not paired with the mobiledevice), the wearable device may route the call to the headset withouteven notifying the mobile phone. In some cases, the mobile phone may actas the arbitrator for the two devices, making routing decisions forevents that are received at both the mobile phone and the wearabledevice (or other connected peripheral).

Additionally, in some examples, a telephone call may be transferred fromthe wearable device to the mobile device (e.g., the routing of the callto the headset may be switched from the wearable device to the mobiledevice) by providing an icon on a user interface (UI) that identifiesthe connection and/or the wearable device. By sliding the icon, the usermay be able to cause the call to be transferred from the wearable deviceto the mobile phone (but still sent to the headset).

Other use cases include when a user is listening to music on thewearable device and a call comes in, the user may be able to tap an iconon the wearable device and cause the music to pause or duck, therebyallowing the user to hear the incoming call. This may be implemented byhaving the call sent from the wearable device or from the mobile phoneto the headset. In the former scenario, the wearable device would beconfigured to pause or duck the music temporarily while providing thecall. However, I the latter scenario, the mobile phone may be configuredto provide an instruction via the stream to the wearable device,instructing the wearable device to pause or duck the music and/or togive up the connection with the headset so that the mobile phone mayconnect and provide the call.

As noted, using the stream between the mobile phone and the wearabledevice, or between any two connectable user devices, the two devices maybe able to know each other's available audio routes, current audioroute, and whether audio is active. Using this information, smartdecisions may be made regarding which of the mobile device or wearabledevice should provide notifications and/or information. For example, ifthe wearable device is actively playing music on a headset, the systemmay assume that the user last interacted with the wearable device. Inthis case, if a call or other notification came in, the system maydetermine to provide the call or other notification via the wearabledevice regardless of battery or other optimization concerns.

As noted, using the stream between the mobile phone and the wearabledevice, or between any two connectable user devices, the two devices maybe able to know the active audio routes of each of the two devices withrespect to the headset. Using this information, smart decisions may bemade regarding which of the mobile device or wearable device shouldprovide notifications and/or information. For example, if the wearabledevice is actively playing music on the headset, the system may assumethat the user last interacted with the wearable device. In this case, ifa call or other notification came in, the system may determine toprovide the call or other notification via the wearable deviceregardless of battery or other optimization concerns.

Other data such as, information that identifies interaction with ascreen, information that identifies whether a screen is on, or other thelike, may be utilized to predict which device (e.g., the wearable deviceor the mobile phone) the user is actively using. As noted, thisinformation can be used to determine which device should manage theheadset. Routing decisions of incoming events may also be determinedbased at least in part on the type of event it is, whether it has asound, etc.

Other decisions, as noted, may be based at least in part on powermanagement decisions. In some cases, the power management decisions maybe made by an external service. However, the routing decisions of thissystem may be based at least in part on those power management rules. Inone non-limiting example, if a user switches music being played on aheadset from a first device to a second device for a particular reason.At some point, the system may automatically revert the connection backto the device with the best power efficiency. In some cases, the switchmay only be made automatically when the user stops or pauses playback;however, in other cases it might be done when the connected deviceappears to be running out of (or low on) power (e.g., once a thresholdremaining power level is reached).

VI. Management of Connections

FIG. 5 illustrates an example architecture 500 for implementing themanagement of connections of a user device that includes the firstcomputing device 102 and the second computing device 104, as well as theuser device (or peripheral) 106 of FIG. 1. In some examples, as notedabove, the devices may be connected via one or more networks 108 and/or112 (e.g., via Bluetooth, BTLE, or the like). In architecture 500, oneor more users may utilize the first computing device 102 and/or thesecond computing device 104 to manage, control, or otherwise utilize oneor more user devices 106, via one or more networks 108.

While the illustrated example represents the computing devices 102, 104accessing the peripheral device 106 via the networks 108 and/or 112, thedescribed techniques may equally apply in instances where the computingdevices 102, 104 interact with the user device 106 over a landlinephone, via a kiosk, or in any other manner. It is also noted that thedescribed techniques may apply in other client/server arrangements, aswell as in non-client/server arrangements (e.g., locally storedapplications, peer to peer configurations, etc.).

As noted above, the first and second computing devices 102, 104 may beconfigured to receive events, communicate with one another through thestream 110 (e.g., via the networks 112), and manage routing ofinformation between the two devices 102, 104 and the user devices 106.In some examples, the computing devices 102, 104 may be in communicationwith each other via the networks 112, or via other network connections.

In one illustrative configuration, either or both of the computingdevices 102, 104 may include at least one memory 514 and one or moreprocessing units (or processor(s)) 516. The processor(s) 516 may beimplemented as appropriate in hardware, software (e.g.,computer-executable instructions, firmware, etc.), or combinationsthereof. Computer-executable instruction or firmware implementations ofthe processor(s) 516 may include machine-executable instructions writtenin any suitable programming language to perform the various functionsdescribed. The computing devices 102, 104 may also include geo-locationdevices (e.g., a global positioning system (GPS) device or the like) forproviding and/or recording geographic location information associatedwith the computing devices 102, 104.

The memory 514 may store program instructions that are loadable andexecutable on the processor(s) 516, as well as data generated during theexecution of these programs. Depending on the configuration and type ofmobile device 102, the memory 514 may be volatile (e.g., random accessmemory (RAM)) and/or non-volatile (e.g., read-only memory (ROM), flashmemory, etc.). The mobile device 102 may also include additionalremovable storage and/or non-removable storage including, but notlimited to, magnetic storage, optical disks, etc. The disk drives andtheir associated non-transitory computer-readable media may providenon-volatile storage of computer-readable instructions, program modules,data structures, and other data for the computing devices. In someimplementations, the memory 514 may include multiple different types ofmemory, such as RAM, static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic randomaccess memory (DRAM), or ROM. While the volatile memory described hereinmay be referred to as RAM, any volatile memory (e.g., that does notmaintain data stored therein once unplugged from a host and/or power)would be appropriate.

The memory 514 and the additional storage 526, both removable andnon-removable, are all examples of non-transitory computer-readablestorage media. The memory 514 and the additional storage 526 are allexamples of non-transitory computer storage media. Additional types ofcomputer storage media that may be present in the computing devices 102,104 may include, but are not limited to, phase-change RAM (PRAM), SRAM,electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flashmemory, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital video disc(DVD), magnetic cassettes or tape, magnetic disk storage, or any othermedium that can be used to store the desired information and that can beaccessed by the computing devices 102, 104. Combinations of any of theabove should also be included within the scope of non-transitorycomputer-readable media. Alternatively, computer-readable communicationmedia may include computer-readable instructions, program modules, orother data transmitted within a data signal, such as a carrier wave, orother transmission. However, as used herein, computer-readable storagemedia does not include computer-readable communication media.

The computing devices 102, 104 may also contain communicationsconnection(s) 528 that allow the computing devices 102, 104 tocommunicate with a data store or another computing device via thenetworks 108. The computing devices 102, 104 may also includeinput/output (I/O) device(s) 530, such as a keyboard, a mouse, a pen, avoice input device, a touch input device, a display, speakers, etc.

Turning to the contents of the memory 514 in more detail, the memory 514may include an operating system 532 and/or one or more applicationprograms or services for implementing the features disclosed herein(e.g., the process 400 of FIG. 4) including a stream module 534, aconnection module 536, and/or a content module 538. In some examples,the stream module 534 may be configured to establish and/or manage astream (e.g., a persistent Bluetooth connection) between the firstcomputing device 102 and the second computing device 104, such as thestream 110 of FIG. 1. The stream 110 may, in some cases, be establishedvia a network socket when the two devices 102, 104 are within a specificrange of one another. The specific range may be defined by the type ofnetwork socket, connection, and/or protocol used for the stream 110. Forexample, if Bluetooth has an effective range of four or five meters,then the stream 110 may be persistent as long the first computing device102 and the second computing device 104 are within four or five metersof each other. However, in other examples, no specific range may benecessary, as the two devices 102, 104 may set up a stream 110 whilethey are both connected to a single network (e.g., a LAN or the like).Further, in some examples, the stream module 534 may be configured tomanage the communications over the stream 110 by the two computingdevices 102, 104. These communications may include, but are not limitedto, providing state information, connection information (e.g.,connections of the user devices 106), and/or any other information thatmay enable or aid the two computing devices 102, 104 is managing theshared resource and/or routing events, audio, etc., to the user devices106.

In some examples, the connection module 536 may be configured to manageor otherwise control secondary connections of the computing devices 102,104. For example, secondary connections may include connections withcomputing devices other than the first and second computing devices 102,104. That is, when the first computing device 102 connects with aperipheral device 106, this may be considered a secondary connection forthe first computing device 102. Similarly, a secondary connection of thesecond computing device 104 may include one with the user device 106.Secondary connections (e.g., a first network connection between thefirst computing device 102 and the user device 106 or a second networkconnection between the second computing device 104 and the user device106) may be utilized by the first and second computing devices 102, 104to provide event information, audio signals, and/or other data to theuser devices 106.

In some examples, the secondary connections managed by the connectionmodule 536 may be initiated by the first or second computing devices102, 104 and/or by the user devices 106. For example, the firstcomputing device 102 may send a request to establish a first networkconnection with the user device 106 using the connection module 536. Itmay then wait until it receives a response from the user device 106(e.g., a handshake to establish a connection), an indication from a userto quit waiting, information from the stream 110 to quit waiting, or atimeout signal (e.g., indicating that the first computing device shouldnot wait any longer). As noted above, the first and second computingdevices 102, 104 may communicate via the stream 110 (e.g., utilizing thestream module 534) to provide each other with connection information(e.g., the first computing device 102 may instruct the second computingdevice 104 to end a connection with the user device 106) for managingthe connections of the user device 106.

In some examples, the content module 538 may be configured to store,mange, and/or provide content to the user devices 106 via the secondaryconnections managed by the connection module 536. For example, thecontent module 538 may be configured to receive content (e.g., atelephone call, a song, a video, etc.) and provide the content to theuser device 106. If the content is a song, the content module 538 may beresponsible for storing the song locally, preparing the song fortransmission, and then providing the song to the user device via thesecondary connection. In other examples, the content may be a call, andthe content module 538 may be configured to provide the audio of thecall to the user device 106 (e.g., a headset).

VII. Communication Stack on Mobile Device

The communication of data from a device (e.g., the first computingdevice 102, the second computing device 104, and/or the user devices 106of FIG. 1) can occur through various protocols (e.g., 802.11 protocols,Bluetooth protocols, and near field communication (NFC) protocols). Todetermine which protocol to use, a device can include a link manager fordetermining which protocol to use for a particular application, and thuswhich driver path data should be sent. A lower level link layer can alsoperform selections of a particular protocol to use. Further, a usertunnel (UTUN) controller can coordinate a plurality of virtualconnections with various client applications to communicate over acommon socket connection with another device (e.g., the first computingdevice 102 communicating with the second computing device 104).

FIG. 6 shows a protocol stack 600 for communicating data according tosome examples. Various modules in protocol stack 600 can be omitted, orother modules added. The software modules can be run on a same processoror different processors. Although only a few communication protocols arelisted, numerous wireless protocols can be used. For example, Bluetoothprotocols can include Basic Rate (BR), Enhanced Data Rate (EDR), and LowEnergy (LE) options. Bluetooth BR/EDR is also referred to as ClassicBluetooth.

In some embodiments, a client application 605 on the device (e.g.,mobile device 115) can request data to be sent to another device (e.g.,companion device 120). The request can specify the other device via anysuitable identifier, e.g., an account name, an IP address, a MACaddress, etc. The request can be before or after the device determinesthat the other device is within communication, e.g., as determined byinitial signaling, such as a handshake. The data (e.g., in a message ora stream) can be sent any suitable application layer protocol, such asHTTP, RTP, SMTP, MGCP, etc. The other device can be any device,including another device of the user. The request can be made inresponse to an action by the user, an internal event (e.g., based ontime or other criteria) that may be in a same or other application(e.g., a calendar app), or an external event (e.g., in response to amessage from another device). An example of an event is a syncing event.

Before sending data, client application 605 can submit an open socketrequest (e.g., in a streaming example). The socket request can useinformation from an identity services (IDS) framework 615, which canprovide an address (or other type of ID) for the other device. Forexample, client application 605 can know account information for thesecond device (e.g., account information of a different or same user),and IDS framework 615 can store a list of device IDs for a particularaccount. IDS framework 615 can be in communication with identitymanagement infrastructure 105 to obtain the list. Thus, IDS framework615 can store or otherwise obtain device IDs (e.g., addresses) for alldevices that a user has registered with ID infrastructure 105. Forexample, IDS framework 615 can request via an IDS daemon to IDinfrastructure 105 to obtain the device IDs. In one implementation, thesocket request can be made to kernel 610.

In a messaging example, the request to send data can go to IDS framework615 to obtain a device ID, which can be sent to message a messagecontroller 618 and a user tunnel (UTUN controller 620). UTUN controllercan establish a mapping between the device ID and an IP address (e.g., avirtual IP address) when the device ID is not an IP address. A socketcan be created between message controller 618 (which assigns a device IDto the socket) and kernel 610 (which can assigns an address to thesocket, such as a virtual IP address). UTUN controller can be used tocreate the socket connection between message controller 618 and kernel610. In this manner, the send-date request from client application 605does not need to include a device ID, but can specify an account, whichcan then be cross-referenced by IDS framework 615 with known devices ofthe account and their capabilities (e.g., if the request requirescertain capabilities). Given that a device ID can be obtained, a pairingdoes not need to occur prior to creating the socket.

In various embodiments, IDS framework 615 can receive a particularport/service at the other device from client application 605, determinethe port/service based on information obtained from an IDinfrastructure, or determine the port/service from a token sent in therequest. IDS framework 615 can then communicate a device ID and otherheader information to message controller 618 and/or UTUN controller 620.IDS framework 615 and UTUN controller 620 can communicate via crossprocess communication (XPC). UTUN controller 620 can be part of an IDSdaemon, and can receive a device ID from ID infrastructure 105.

As mentioned above, UTUN controller 620 can create a virtual addressthat corresponds to the actual device address, where the virtual addresscan be used to create a virtual socket. A virtual socket can also becreated using any device ID (e.g., an actual address of a device orother ID). As an example, a socket can be created for communicationbetween client application 605 and kernel 610 (e.g., in a streamingcontext), where kernel 610 can have various sockets open with variousclient applications. Kernel 610 can have a single connection to UTUNcontroller 620 for the other device and multiplex (mux) the data fromvarious client applications into the single connection. Instead or inaddition, UTUN controller 620 can also perform the muxing, e.g., ifmultiple socket exist between kernel 610 and UTUN controller 620 forvarious client applications to the other device. Incoming data can bedemultiplexed (demuxed) for sending to the destination clientapplication.

As another example, a socket can be created between kernel 610 andmessage controller 618 (e.g., in a messaging context), where a socketcan be created for each destination device, with different sockets to asame device potentially having different priorities. Thus, a particularvirtual socket can be associated with a particular device and aparticular priority (e.g., high and low). Message controller 618 canhave various connections to various client applications. Thus, messagecontroller 618 can provide mux/demux capabilities.

UTUN controller can create a primary socket with the other device. WhenUTUN controller 620 receives data using a virtual connection associatedwith the second device, it can then map the virtual connection to theprimary socket for communicating with the other device. All data for theother device can then be sent out through the primary socket. Thevirtual address for a virtual socket can be passed back to clientapplication 605, e.g., in the stream context. In one embodiment, avirtual socket involving kernel 610 is a TCP socket. The virtual addresscan have a same format as a regular address, e.g., an IPv6 address. Amux module can include any combination of kernel 610, message controller618, and UTUN controller 620.

When client application sends data, client application 605 can use thevirtual socket to send data to kernel 610. For example, the data can besent using TCP via the virtual socket. Kernel 610 can implement an UTUNinterface for communicating with UTUN controller 620. Kernel 610 wouldpass the data (e.g., with a TCP header) and the virtual socketidentifying the virtual address to UTUN controller 620, which would thenuse the virtual address to resolve the device address for determiningthe device socket.

When sending to the data over the device socket, a link manager 625 candetermine which link to use. A link can be a particular combination of awireless interface protocol (e.g., Bluetooth or Wi-Fi) and a transportprotocol (e.g., TCP, UDP, etc.). In this manner, UTUN controller 620does not need to know how the data is being sent, but instead can simplysend the data to link manager 625.

In various embodiments, the determination by link manager 625 can bemade per data packet, per set of data packets, per device socket, andmay change from one data packet to another. Link manager 625 may thenselect a link for sending the data. In the example shown, a Wi-Fi link630 provides software drivers for communicating with one or more Wi-Fiprotocols, and BTLE link 635 provides software drivers for communicatingwith Bluetooth LE. Wi-Fi link 630 is in communication with Wi-Fihardware 660, and BTLE link 635 is in communication with BTLE hardware655. Wi-Fi link 630 can be used for various Wi-Fi protocols, such asinfra-WiFi (infrastructure WiFi). In one embodiment, link manager 625can try all links to determine whether any of the links can contact theother device, and then use a connected link with a highest predeterminedrank or dynamic rank.

In some embodiments, a combined link 640 can include an interface 644for communicating with link manager 625 and a selector 648 that selectsa particular protocol to use. The protocols can be the same or differentthan that available to link manager 625. Selector 648 can performsimilar functions as link manager 625 in that a particular link isselected. However, link manager 625 and selector 648 can use differentcriteria for determining which link to use. For example, link manager625 can determine to use combined link 640, and selector 648 can thendetermine that BTLE hardware 655 is to be used. The hardware can becontained on a same or separate chips.

One or more protocols can be only available via combined link 640, suchas classic Bluetooth hardware 650. Link manager 625 and selector 648 canuse various criteria for determining which link to use, such as powerusage of a link, speed of a link (e.g., real-time data rate), and signalstrength of a link. A goal of the optimization for selecting a link canbe to provide a minimal data rate at a lowest possible energy.

Illustrative methods and systems for managing user device connectionsare described above. Some or all of these systems and methods may, butneed not, be implemented at least partially by architectures such asthose shown at least in FIGS. 1-6 above. In the foregoing description,various non-limiting examples were described. For purposes ofexplanation, specific configurations and details are set forth in orderto provide a thorough understanding of the examples. However, it shouldalso be apparent to one skilled in the art that the examples may bepracticed without the specific details. Furthermore, well-known featureswere sometimes omitted or simplified in order not to obscure the examplebeing described.

The various embodiments further can be implemented in a wide variety ofoperating environments, which in some cases can include one or more usercomputers, computing devices or processing devices which can be used tooperate any of a number of applications. User devices (e.g., clientdevices) can include any type of general purpose personal computer suchas, but not limited to, desktop or laptop computers running a standardoperating system, as well as cellular, wireless, and/or handheld devicesrunning mobile software and capable of supporting a number of networkingand messaging protocols. These devices can also include other electronicdevices, such as dummy terminals, thin-clients, gaming systems, or otherdevices capable of communicating via a network.

Most embodiments utilize at least one network that would be familiar tothose skilled in the art for supporting communications using any of avariety of commercially-available protocols, such as TCP/IP, OSI, FTP,UPnP, NFS, CIFS, and AppleTalk. The network can be, for example, a localarea network, a wide-area network, a virtual private network, theInternet, an intranet, an extranet, a public switched telephone network,an infrared network, a wireless network, and any combination thereof.

The environment can include a variety of data stores and other memoryand storage media as discussed above. These can reside in a variety oflocations, such as on a storage medium local to (and/or resident in) oneor more of the computers. Alternatively, the memory can be remote fromany or all of the computers across the network. In a particular set ofembodiments, the information may reside in a storage-area network (SAN)familiar to those skilled in the art. Similarly, any necessary files forperforming the functions attributed to the computers, servers or othernetwork devices may be stored locally and/or remotely, as desired.

The system and various devices may also include one or more softwareapplications, modules, services, or other elements located within atleast one working memory device, including an operating system andapplication programs, such as a client application or browser. It shouldbe appreciated that alternate embodiments may have numerous variationsfrom that described above. For example, customized hardware might alsobe used and/or particular elements might be implemented in hardware,software (including portable software, such as applets) or both.Further, connection to other computing devices such as networkinput/output devices may be employed.

The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in anillustrative rather than a restrictive sense. It will, however, beevident that various modifications and changes may be made thereuntowithout departing from the broader spirit and scope of the disclosure asset forth in the claims.

Other variations are within the spirit of the present disclosure. Thus,while the disclosed techniques are susceptible to various modificationsand alternative constructions, certain illustrated embodiments thereofare shown in the drawings and have been described above in detail. Itshould be understood, however, that there is no intention to limit thedisclosure to the specific form or forms disclosed, but on the contrary,the intention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructionsand equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the disclosure,as defined in the appended claims.

The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in thecontext of describing the disclosed embodiments (especially in thecontext of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both thesingular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearlycontradicted by context. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,”and “containing” are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning“including, but not limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. The term“connected” is to be construed as partly or wholly contained within,attached to, or joined together, even if there is something intervening.Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as ashorthand method of referring individually to each separate valuefalling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and eachseparate value is incorporated into the specification as if it wereindividually recited herein. All methods described herein can beperformed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein orotherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and allexamples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, isintended merely to better illuminate embodiments of the disclosure anddoes not pose a limitation on the scope of the disclosure unlessotherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construedas indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice ofthe disclosure.

Disjunctive language such as the phrase “at least one of X, Y, or Z,”unless specifically stated otherwise, is otherwise understood within thecontext as used in general to present that an item, term, etc., may beeither X, Y, or Z, or any combination thereof (e.g., X, Y, and/or Z).Thus, such disjunctive language is not generally intended to, and shouldnot, imply that certain embodiments require at least one of X, at leastone of Y, or at least one of Z to each be present.

Any of the methods described herein may be totally or partiallyperformed with a computer system including one or more processors, whichcan be configured to perform the steps. Thus, embodiments can bedirected to computer systems configured to perform the steps of any ofthe methods described herein, potentially with different componentsperforming a respective steps or a respective group of steps. Althoughpresented as numbered steps, steps of methods herein can be performed ata same time or in a different order. Additionally, portions of thesesteps may be used with portions of other steps from other methods. Also,all or portions of a step may be optional. Additionally, any of thesteps of any of the methods can be performed with modules, circuits, orother means for performing these steps.

The specific details of particular embodiments may be combined in anysuitable manner without departing from the spirit and scope ofembodiments of the invention. However, other embodiments of theinvention may be directed to specific embodiments relating to eachindividual aspect, or specific combinations of these individual aspects

The above description of exemplary embodiments of the invention has beenpresented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is notintended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise formdescribed, and many modifications and variations are possible in lightof the teaching above. The embodiments were chosen and described inorder to best explain the principles of the invention and its practicalapplications to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilizethe invention in various embodiments and with various modifications asare suited to the particular use contemplated.

All references, including publications, patent applications, andpatents, cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the sameextent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicatedto be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entiretyherein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method performed by a mobile phone connected to an electronic device, the method comprising: detecting, by the mobile phone, that the electronic device is streaming content to a headset; receiving, by the mobile phone, a notification of an incoming call; instructing, by the mobile phone, the electronic device to cease transmission of the streaming content to the headset; and transmitting, by the mobile phone, information associated with the incoming call directly to the headset.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the electronic device comprises a wearable device.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the wearable device comprises a watch.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the content being streamed to the headset comprises an audio signal.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the information associated with the incoming call comprises audio information associated with the incoming call or a notification of the incoming call.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the mobile phone and the electronic device are connected to one another via a persistent connection.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the persistent connection is maintained at least while the mobile phone is within communication range of the electronic device.
 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the persistent connection comprises a Bluetooth protocol connection.
 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining that the electronic device is to transmit the information associated with the incoming call to the headset, and wherein transmitting the information comprises: transmitting, by the mobile phone, the notification of the incoming call to the electronic device via the persistent connection; and transmitting, by the mobile phone, an instruction for the electronic device to transmit the information to the headset.
 10. A cellular-capable device, comprising: a memory configured to store computer-executable instructions; and one or more processors in communication with the memory and configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to: persist a connection with a second cellular-capable device; detect that the second cellular-capable device is streaming content to a headset; receive a notification of an incoming call; instruct the second cellular-capable device to cease transmission of the streaming content to the headset; and transmit information associated with the incoming call directly to the headset.
 11. The cellular-capable device of claim 10, wherein the second cellular-capable device comprises a mobile phone or a watch.
 12. The cellular-capable device of claim 10, wherein the content being streamed to the headset comprises audio content.
 13. The cellular-capable device of claim 10, wherein the information associated with the incoming call comprises audio information associated with the incoming call or a notification of the incoming call.
 14. The cellular-capable device of claim 10, wherein the cellular-capable device and the second cellular-capable device are connected to one another via a persistent connection.
 15. The cellular-capable device of claim 14, wherein the persistent connection is maintained at least while the cellular-capable device is within communication range of the second cellular-capable device.
 16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a cellular-capable device, configure the cellular-capable device to perform operations comprising: detecting that an electronic device is streaming content to a headset; receiving a notification of an incoming call; instructing the electronic device to cease transmission of the streaming content to the headset; and transmitting information associated with the incoming call directly to the headset.
 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the electronic device comprises a mobile phone or a watch.
 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the content being streamed to the headset comprises audio content.
 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the cellular-capable device and the electronic device are connected to one another via a persistent connection.
 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the persistent connection is maintained at least while the cellular-capable device is within communication range of the electronic device. 